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The Battle of the Golden Spurs ((オランダ語:Guldensporenslag), (フランス語:Bataille des éperons d'or)), known also as the Battle of Courtrai, was a battle between the forces of the Kingdom of France and the County of Flanders fought near Kortrijk (Courtrai) in western Royal Flanders on 11 July 1302. In 1302, after several years of unrest, the people of Flanders revolted against French rule and massacred many Frenchmen in the Flemish city of Bruges. King Philip IV of France immediately organized an expedition under Count Robert II of Artois to put down the rebellion. Meanwhile, the civic militias of several Flemish cities were assembled to counter the expected French attack. When the two armies met outside the city of Kortrijk, the mounted French knights proved unable to defeat the well-trained Flemish foot militia on a battlefield particularly unsuited for cavalry. The result was a rout of the French nobles, who suffered heavy losses at the hands of the Flemish. The battle was a famous early example of an all-infantry army overcoming an army that depended on the shock attacks of mounted knights. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the Battle of the Golden Spurs became a key part of the Flemish Movement. In 1973, the date of the battle was chosen to be the date of the official holiday of the Flemish community in Belgium. ==Background== The conflict began with the Franco-Flemish War (1297-1305) as the French tried to subdue the County of Flanders, formally part of the French Kingdom, to add it to the French lands in 1297. In 1300, King Philip IV of France appointed Jacques de Châtillon as governor of Flanders, and took the Count of Flanders, Guy of Dampierre, hostage. This caused considerable unrest among the influential Flemish urban guilds. Guy had broken feudal ties with Philip In 1297, forming an alliance with Edward I of England, who was betrothed to Guy's daughter Philippina in 1294. In 1302, the French governor of Flanders, Jacques de Châtillon, took his army and the king's lead advisor and negotiator to Bruges to negotiate a peace with the rebellious towns of the region. Rebel leaders quickly relocated outside town, and the French army harassed the townspeople, especially the families of the rebels. On the morning of 18 May 1302, the rebellious citizens of Bruges returned to the city and murdered every Frenchman they could find, an act known as the ''Brugse Metten (Bruges Matins)''. According to legend, they identified the French by asking them to pronounce a Flemish phrase, ' (shield and friend) and everyone who had a problem pronouncing this shibboleth was killed.〔Although the website (the 11th of July ) says that the sound in ''schild'' that makes it difficult for French-speakers to pronounce had not yet developed in the 14th century, the phrase "フランス語:scilt en vrient" is referenced in primary sources such as the Chronique of Gilles Li Muisis as distinguishing French from Flemish. It is also suggests that ''Scilt ende Vrient'' (Schild en Vriend): (shield and friend) is more correctly interpreted or translated ("'s gilden vrient" ) "friend of the guilds".〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Battle of the Golden Spurs」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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